Oral health services in primary care: a study in southern Brazil

Abstract

The evaluation of oral health services is an essential component of surveillance efforts aimed at improving health indicators and the quality of care. Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of the oral healthcare work process in primary care settings in Porto Alegre, a major city in southern Brazil. Materials and Method: Data on patient profiles and process evaluation components were provided by the Porto Alegre Primary Healthcare Board. An electronic questionnaire was administered to dentists to assess the structure components. Data were classified into three modules: patient profile (sex and age), structure (human resources), and process (actions and procedures). Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, including the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies. Results: In 2022, a total 414,682 dental appointments were recorded, the majority involving women and individuals aged 35–59 years. Most dentists were young women, primarily specialized in collective health. The process analysis highlighted a strong focus on preventive and health promotion actions, although fluoride applications, sealants, and cariostatic agents were underutilized. Composite resin restorations in permanent teeth were common. Dental emergencies accounted for 17% of cases, and 95% of surgical procedures consisted of extractions and sutures. Additionally, dentists performed integrative practices and other activities, such as rapid testing and vital sign measurements, particularly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The findings of this study are intended to inform strategies and service management aimed at improving oral health care in the primary care setting of Porto Alegre.